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Mao Zonggang
Mao Zonggang ( 1632－1709; courtesy name Xushi 序始; art name Zian 子庵), and his father, Mao Lun courtesy name Shengshan 聲山) were Qing dynasty editors and commentators who influenced the conception of the Chinese novel.
==Influence as editors and commentators==
The father and son are best known for editing and providing commentaries on the novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''. They are often grouped with Zhang Zhupo and Jin Shengtan as commentator/editors whose ''dufa'' (讀法 lit. "way to read") interpreted novels using a vocabulary and critical standards which up to then had been limited to poetry and painting. This innovation raised the status of fiction for Chinese readers and made the writing of fiction into a respectable activity for educated people.
The Maos' substantially revised text, first published in 1679 (1680 in the western calendar), was so successful that it drove earlier versions from the market and for nearly three centuries was the only one which most Chinese readers knew. Their commentaries, or ''dufa'' (how to read), explained the moral and historical issues in the novel. These ''dufa'' not only shaped reader reactions but also helped to establish fiction as acceptable to serious readers rather than frivolous or even illicit.
Although their edition of ''Three Kingdoms'' was published under and is known by Mao Zonggang's name, scholars assume that Mao Lun was primarily responsible. 〔 Andrew West, (The Textual History of Sanguo Yanyi The Mao Zonggang Recension ), based on the author's "Quest for the Urtext: The Textual Archaeology of The Three Kingdoms" (PhD Dissertation, Princeton University, 1993), and his 三國演義版本考 ''Sanguo Yanyi Banben Kao'' (of the Editions of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms ) (Shanghai: Shanghai Guji Chubanshe, 1996) 〕 Little is known of Mao Lun, though it is understood that he went blind as he entered middle age and relied on his son as his secretary. Mao Lun experienced the Manchu conquest of the lower Yangzi valley in the 1640s and saw friends executed for being loyal to the Ming. Scholars have long debated whether his viewpoint was that of a loyalist who supported Southern Ming remnants, in which case his sympathies might lie with the loyalist group in ''Three Kingdoms''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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